Black Body Radiation Oven

What it Shows

Black body radiators in thermal equilibrium should emit the same spectrum of radiation; inside a muffle furnace at high temperature, objects should appear the same color, whatever their material.

See our setup on YouTube (https://youtu.be/Psvo_XEc784)

How it Works

Place a piece of brick and an iron ball into a kiln (ours is a Blue M Electric Co. kiln with 25cm × 12cm × 10cm oven) that has a temperature range up to around 1000°C. Close the door and crank up the temperature to maximum. Depending on the type of kiln, it will take around 20 minutes to reach equilibrium (a good length of time for a lecture). As soon as the door is opened there will of course be differential cooling, so the effect is clear only for a couple of seconds, so have the audience ready and waiting.

Photos of the Blackbody Radiation Oven demo
The furnace lives on a special cart with wheels. It should be positioned in the classroom and turned on at least two hours before class. The samples take about 20 minutes to come to equilibrium with the furnace interior.

Setting it Up

Set the kiln up with the oven door facing the audience. Turn it on to "High"—it takes about 2 hours to reach 1000˚C from room temperature, so plan accordingly. Use a color camera with zoom lens to get a close-up of the interior. Make sure the camera is correctly color-balanced (3200K usually works well). Before opening the oven, stop down the camera so as not to drown it. You should test this before class to know how far to stop down the lens (it obviously depends on the camera/lens combination you are using). You won't have time to fiddle with the camera when performing the experiment—the objects cool down quickly once the door is opened, and the effect is spoiled if you wait too long.

Comments

Scrounge a kiln from your ceramics department and load what you like in it (check melting points first). Make sure the door is suitable for easy access and viewing.